LncRNA Information
ID EL0526 Name GAS5 Aliases NCRNA00030; SNHG2
Species Homo sapiens Chromosome 1 Start site 173863900
End site 173868882 Chain minus Exon NO. 12
Assembly Ensembl Release 89 Class lincRNA NCBI accession NR_002578
Ensembl ENSG00000234741 Sequence


Disease
Disease Method Sample Expression pattern Dysfunction type Description PMID Source
breast cancer GAS5 HREM sequence alone promotes the apoptosis of breast cancer cells hormone-sensitive and -insensitive breast cancer cell lines up-regulated N/A induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells 26862727
lymphoma knockdown etc. cell lines (Jeko-124 and Z-138) down-regulated N/A Downregulation of GAS5 substantially reduced the effects of each rapalogue on cell viability, DNA synthesis, and colony-forming ability.Stimulation of expression of candidate tumor suppressor GAS5 is responsible for much of the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of rapalogues in MCL, suggesting that improved targeting of this pathway may allow improvements in the therapy of this intractable lymphoma. 24703244 Lnc2Cancer
type 2 diabetes mellitus lncRNA arrays, quantitative PCR Serum samples obtained from 96 participating veterans at JAH VA N/A expression Decreased GAS5 levels in serum were associated with diabetes in a cohort of US military veterans. 26674525
hepatocelluar carcinoma microarray, qPCR etc. HBV-related HCC tissue up-regulated expression Four upregulated lncRNAs were randomly selected and analyzed for their expression levels in tissue samples from 14 HBV-related HCC patients. The corresponding non-tumor tissues were analyzed via qPCR, in which the obtained results are consistent with the microarray data. 26109807 Lnc2Cancer
ovarian cancer microarray, qPCR, knockdown etc. EOC tissue, cell lines (HO8910, A2780) down-regulated interaction The data show that no significant differences of GAS5 expression were observed between normal ovarian epithelium and benign epithelial lesions; however, GAS5 expression was lower in EOC tissues compared with normal ovarian epithelial tissues, which was closely related to lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis stage. Finally, through mitochondrial potential and western blot analyses, GAS5 could disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and promote BAX, BAK, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 expression. 26503132 Lnc2Cancer
breast cancer microarray, qRT-PCR SKBR-3/Tr cells down-regulated N/A GAS5 promoted SKBR-3 cell proliferation 27034004
prostate cancer microarray, RNA-seq, qPCR, Northern bolt, knockdown etc. prostate cancer tissue, cell lines (LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, PC3 etc.) up-regulated N/A Interestingly, nine out of these thirteen known cancer-related lncRNA showed significantly differential expression between tumor and normal prostate samples. Several lncRNA such as NEAT1, DANCR, HOTTIP, PRINS, and EGOT that have established functions in forming nuclear speckles, in development or in autoimmune disease, but were not previously known to be related to cancer, showed differential expression between tumor and normal prostate samples, suggesting their potential function in prostate cancer. 23728290 Lnc2Cancer
stomach cancer N/A stomach cancer tissues down-regulated expression In this study, we found that lncRNA GAS5 had lower expression in stomach cancer tissues than the normal counterparts. These results delineate a novel mechanism of lncRNA GAS5 in suppressing stomach carcinogenesis, and the lncRNA GAS5/YBX1/p21 pathway we discovered may provide useful targets for developing lncRNA-based therapies for stomach cancer. 25959498
lymphoma N/A N/A N/A mutation The GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene fuses to BCL6 as a result of t(1;3)(q25;q27) in a patient with B-cell lymphoma. 18406879 LncRNADisease
lymphoma N/A N/A N/A mutation Chromosomal translocations affecting the 1q25 locus containing the Gas5 gene have been detected in melanoma, B-cell lymphoma, and prostate and breast cancer. 18836484 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
melanoma N/A N/A N/A mutation Chromosomal translocations affecting the 1q25 locus containing the Gas5 gene have been detected in melanoma, B-cell lymphoma, and prostate and breast cancer. 18836484 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
autoimmune disease N/A N/A N/A expression Increased lncRNA Gas5 activity in immune cells could suppress GR-induced transcriptional activity and contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. 20124551 LncRNADisease
tumor N/A N/A N/A regulation Binding to GR as a decoy and blocking transcriptional induction by GR, induces growth arrest and apoptosis. 22996375 LncRNADisease
kidney cancer N/A N/A N/A expression Tumour suppressor 24373479 LncRNADisease
prostate cancer N/A N/A N/A expression Tumour suppressor; putative oncogene host 24373479 LncRNADisease
tumor N/A N/A N/A regulation ANRIL, GAS5 and lincRNA-p23 are involved in the escape of growth suppression by regulating tumor suppressor genes (ANRIL) or apoptosis regulators. 24667321 LncRNADisease
tumor N/A N/A N/A regulation Our own work suggests that while RoR (Zhang et al., 2013a) may function as an oncogene through suppression of p53 in response to DNA damage, loc285194 (Liu et al., 2013) and GAS5 (Zhang et al., 2013b) may play a tumor suppressive role through the “competitive endogenous RNA” (CeRNA) mechanism (Salmena et al., 2011). 24721780 LncRNADisease
cancer N/A N/A N/A regulation Pickard et al. showed that GAS5 promotes apoptosis of prostate cells after irradiation with UV, and low GAS5 expression therefore reduces the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. 24757675 LncRNADisease
liver fibrosis overexpression mouse, rat, and human fibrotic liver samples, activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) down-regulated interaction GAS5 increased the level of p27 protein by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-222, thereby inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs. Overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the activation of primary HSCs in vitro and alleviated the accumulation of collagen in fibrotic liver tissues in vivo. GAS5 was identified as a target of microRNA-222 (miR-222) and showed that miR-222 could inhibit the expression of GAS5. GAS5 could also repress miR-222 expression. 26446789
prostate cancer qPCR etc. cell lines (HEK 293T, LNCaP, W7.2c etc.) down-regulated mutation Chromosomal translocations affecting the 1q25 locus containing the Gas5 gene have been detected in melanoma, B-cell lymphoma, and prostate and breast cancer. 18836484 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
breast cancer qPCR etc. cell lines (HEK 293T, LNCaP, W7.2c etc.) down-regulated expression GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer. 18836484 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
cervical cancer qPCR etc. cell line (CaSki) up-regulated N/A Generally, we found that some of the RNA molecules (HOTAIR and MALAT1) are down-regulated while many of them (lincRNA-p21, GAS5, MEG3, ANRIL, and ncRNA-CCND1) are up-regulated and some others (TUG1, UCA1, and PANDA) not affected. The decline in the expression of HOTAIR and MALAT1 was clearly evident in BLM-treated HeLa and MCF cells. For lincRNA-p21, ncRNA-CCND1, and MEG3, a similar up-regulation pattern was obvious in both cell lines where the increase was generally more pronounced in BLM-treated cells. 22487937 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
renal cell carcinoma qPCR etc. renal cell carcinoma tissue, cell lines (A498, HK-2 etc.) down-regulated N/A The expression of GAS5 was lower in the RCC cell line A498 than that in normal renal cell line HK-2. Furthermore, using functional expression cloning, we found that overexpression of GAS5 in A498 cells inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycling. Our study provided the first evidence that a decrease in GAS5 expression is associated with RCC genesis and progression and overexpression of GAS5 can act as a tumor suppressor for RCC, providing a potential attractive therapeutic approach for this malignancy. 23621190 Lnc2Cancer
multiple myeloma qPCR etc. blood (plasma) down-regulated expression HOTAIR long non-coding RNA is a negative prognostic factor not only in primary tumors, but also in the blood of colorectal cancer patients. 24583225 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
hepatocelluar carcinoma qPCR etc. HCC tissue down-regulated expression The expression level of GAS5 was reduced in HCC in comparison to normal matched tissues (P < 0.05). It is also proved that GAS5 expression was to be associated with HCC tumor size, lymphnode metastasis and clinical stage (P < 0.05). In addition, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that low GAS5 expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. GAS5 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall HCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. 25120813 Lnc2Cancer
breast cancer qPCR etc. breast cancer tissues and postoperative blood samples down-regulated interaction Analysis in the 39 paired preoperative and postoperative plasma samples showed that lower GAS5 levels appeared in the patients with a high Ki67 proliferation index before surgery and the patients with a positive lymph node metastasis state after surgery. Plasma lncRNA GAS5 may have the potential to assess the surgical effects and prognosis for BC patients 26662314 Lnc2Cancer
colorectal cancer qPCR, FCA etc. CRC tissue down-regulated expression The lower expression of GAS5 was significantly correlated with large tumor size, low histological grade and advanced TNM stage. Multivariate analyses revealed that GAS5 expression served as an independent predictor for overall survival. Further experiments revealed that overexpressed GAS5 significantly repressed the proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. 25326054 Lnc2Cancer
prostate cancer qPCR, knockdown etc. cell lines (22Rv1, PC-3 etc.) up-regulated N/A GAS5 promotes the apoptosis of prostate 34 cells, and exonic sequence, i.e. GAS5 lncRNA, is sufficient to mediate this activity. Abnormally low levels of 35 GAS5 expressionmay therefore reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. 23676682 Lnc2Cancer
breast cancer qPCR, knockdown etc. cell lines (MCF7, T-47D) down-regulated regulation GAS5?lncRNA?promoted the apoptosis of triple-negative and oestrogen receptor-positive cells but only dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition was able to enhance GAS5 levels in all cell types. Reduced GAS5 expression attenuates apoptosis induction by classical chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cells, providing an explanation for the relationship between GAS5 expression and breast cancer patient prognosis.? 24789445 LncRNADisease Lnc2Cancer
malignant pleural mesothelioma qPCR, knockdown etc. MPM tissue, cell lines (SPC111, SPC212, ZL34, ZL55) down-regulated N/A GAS5 expression was lower in MPM cell lines compared to normal mesothelial cells. GAS5 was upregulated upon growth arrest induced by inhibition of Hedgehog and PI3K/mTOR signalling in in vitro MPM models. The increase in GAS5 lncRNA was accompanied by increased promoter activity. Silencing of GAS5 increased the expression of glucocorticoid responsive genes glucocorticoid inducible leucine-zipper and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 and shortened the length of the cell cycle. Drug induced growth arrest was associated with GAS5 accumulation in the nuclei. GAS5 was abundant in tumoral quiescent cells and it was correlated to podoplanin expression. 24885398 Lnc2Cancer
cervical cancer qPCR, knockdown etc. cervical cancer tissue down-regulated expression We found that GAS5 expression was markedly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues than in corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Decreased GAS5 expression was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, cervical cancer patients with GAS5 lower expression have shown significantly poorer overall survival than those with higher GAS5 expression. And GAS5 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall survival in a multivariate analysis. 25400758 Lnc2Cancer
lung adenocarcinoma qPCR, Western blot etc. lung cancer tissue, cell lines (A549, H1299, H1975, HCC827) down-regulated interaction Our results showed that GAS5 was significantly downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-tumorous tissue samples. Furthermore, lower GAS5 expression levels were associated with larger tumor sizes, poor tumor differentiation, and advanced pathological stages. GAS5 overexpression was inversely correlated with the expression of the EGFR pathway and IGF-1R proteins. 25925741 Lnc2Cancer
non-small cell lung cancer qPCR, Western blot, knockdown etc. NSCLC tissue, cell lines (A549, H1650, H1299, H1975, SK-MES etc.) down-regulated N/A The results revealed that GAS5 expression was down-regulated in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.05) and was highly related to tumor size and TNM stage (P < 0.05). This correlation between GAS5 and clinicopathological parameters indicates that GAS5 might function as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, GAS5 overexpression increased tumor cell growth arrest and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. 24357161 Lnc2Cancer
gastric cancer qPCR, Western blot, knockdown etc. gastric cancer tissue, cell lines (SGC7901, BGC823, MGC803, MKN45, MKN28) down-regulated N/A GAS5 expression was markedly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, ectopic expression of GAS5 was demonstrated to decrease gastric cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, while downregulation of endogenous GAS5 could promote cell proliferation. GAS5 could influence gastric cancer cells proliferation, partly via regulating E2F1 and P21 expression. 24884417 Lnc2Cancer
endometrial cancer qPCR, Western blot, knockdown, Luciferase reporter assay, Flow cytometry assay etc. endometrial cancer tissue, cell lines (HHUA, JEC) down-regulated interaction We identified that GAS5 was down-regulated in endometrial cancer cells and stimulated the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. In summary, we demonstrate that GAS5 acts as an tumor suppressor lncRNA in endometrial cancer. Through inhibiting the expression of miR-103, GAS5 significantly enhanced the expression of PTEN to promote cancer cell apoptosis, and, thus, could be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. 26511107 Lnc2Cancer
bladder cancer qPCR, Western blot, knockdown, RIP etc. bladder cancer tissue, cell lines (T24, DSH1, RT112, RT4, KU7, 253J etc.) down-regulated N/A In the present study, we found that the GAS5 expression is commonly downregulated in bladder cancer cell lines and human specimens. Knockdown of GAS5 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, whereas forced expression of GAS5 suppresses cell proliferation. We further demonstrated that knockdown of GAS5 increases CDK6 mRNA and protein levels in bladder cancer cells. Expectedly, GAS5 inhibition induces a significant decrease in G0/G1 phase and an obvious increase in S phase. 24069260 Lnc2Cancer
hepatocelluar carcinoma qPCR, Western blot, Luciferase reporter assay, knockdown etc. cell lines (Sk-Hep-1, BEL-7404, Huh7) up-regulated expression rs145204276 may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis by affecting methylation status of the GAS5 promoter and subsequently its transcriptional activity thus serving as a potential therapy target for HCC. 26163879 Lnc2Cancer
hepatocelluar carcinoma qPCR, Western blot, Luciferase reporter assay, knockdown, RIP etc. HCC tissue, cell lines (Bel-7402, SMMC-7721, HCCLM3 etc.) down-regulated interaction The present report demonstrates that there are lower levels of GAS5, PDCD4, and PTEN and higher levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Then, overexpression of GAS5 suppresses the migration and invasion of HCC cells and high expression of miR-21 largely eliminates GAS5-mediated suppression of HCC cell migration and invasion. 26404135 Lnc2Cancer
pancreatic cancer qPCR, Western bolt etc. pancreatic cancer tissue, cell lines (BxPC-3, PANC-1, AsPC-1, Hs766T etc.) down-regulated N/A We verify that the expression level of gas5 is significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal control. Overexpression of gas5 in pancreatic cancer cells inhibits cell proliferation, whereas gas5 inhibition induces a significant decrease in G0/G1 phase and an increase in S phase. We further demonstrate that gas5 negatively regulates CDK6 expression in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, knockdown of CDK6 partially abrogates gas5-siRNA-induced cell proliferation. 24026436 Lnc2Cancer
hepatocelluar carcinoma Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues down-regulated interaction Overexpression of GAS5 significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells in vitro, promoted the apoptosis of hepatoma cells. 26707238
melanoma quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction SK-Mel‑110 melanoma cell down-regulated N/A Overexpressing lncRNA GAS5 inhibited the migration and invasion 26846479
breast cancer RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) array breast tumor specimens, xenograft mouse model N/A interaction GAS5 functions as a tumor suppressor. miR-21 is capable of suppressing the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5). GAS5 can also repress miR-21 expression. 23933812
prostate cancer siRNA prostate cancer cells up-regulated expression mTOR inhibition enhances GAS5 transcript levels in certain prostate cancer cell lines. This selectivity is likely to be related to endogenous GAS5 expression levels. 25650269
varicose great saphenous veins siRNA varicose great saphenous veins (GSVs) varicosities down-regulated expression The low expression of lncRNA-GAS5 may facilitate HSVSMCs proliferation and migration through Annexin A2 and thereby the pathogenesis of GSV varicosities 25806802
 


Function (not disease relevant)
Methods Sample/condition Expression pattern Dysfunction type Description PMID Source
knockdown human glioma cells down-regulated interaction The introduction of Gas5 by plasmid transfection increased the expression of tumor suppressor Bcl-2-modifying factor (bmf) and Plexin C1 via directly targeting and reducing the expression of miR-222. Downregulated expression of miR-222 inhibited U87 and U251 cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis by upregulating bmf. Gas5 combined with the knockdown of miR-222 resulted in the smallest tumor volumes and the longest survivals of nude mice in vivo. 26364613
N/A N/A Up-regulated expression nonprotein-coding RNA GAS5 in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation 20421347
 


Interaction
Interaction target Level of interaction Type of interaction Description PMID Source
NR3C1 RNA-Protein binding Noncoding RNA gas5 is a growth arrest- and starvation-associated repressor of the glucocorticoid receptor. Gas5 bound to the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by acting as a decoy glucocorticoid response element (GRE), thus competing with DNA GREs for binding to the GR. 20124551 LncRNADisease
NR3C1 RNA-Protein regulation The multifunctional GAS5 lncRNA is a negative regulator of the glucocorticoid receptor and other nuclear receptors. 20951849 LncRNADisease
miR-21 RNA-RNA regulation miR-21 is capable of suppressing the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5). GAS5 can also repress miR-21 expression. 23933812
Annexin A2 RNA-Protein binding RNA pull-down experiment revealed a direct bind of lncRNA-GAS5 to a Ca2+-dependent RNA-binding protein, Annexin A2. 25806802
IGF-1R RNA-DNA regulation GAS5 overexpression was inversely correlated with the expression of the EGFR pathway and IGF-1R proteins. 25925741
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) RNA-Protein binding lncRNA GAS5 was shown to interact with Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), and lncRNA GAS5 knockdown was shown to accelerate YBX1 protein turnover without affecting YBX1 transcription. 25959498
Plexin C1 RNA-Protein regulation The introduction of Gas5 by plasmid transfection increased the expression of tumor suppressor Bcl-2-modifying factor (bmf) and Plexin C1 via directly targeting and reducing the expression of miR-222. 26364613
tumor suppressor Bcl-2-modifying factor (bmf) RNA-Protein regulation The introduction of Gas5 by plasmid transfection increased the expression of tumor suppressor Bcl-2-modifying factor (bmf) and Plexin C1 via directly targeting and reducing the expression of miR-222. 26364613
miR-21 RNA-RNA regulation Thus, GAS5 acts as a tumor suppressor in HCCs through negative regulation of miR-21 and its targets and proteins about migration and invasion in cancer cells. 26404135
miR-222 RNA-RNA binding A pulldown assay further validated that GAS5 could directly bind to miR-222. 26446789
BAX, BAK, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 RNA-Protein regulation GAS5 could disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and promote BAX, BAK, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 expression. 26503132
miR-103 RNA-RNA regulation Through inhibiting the expression of miR-103, GAS5 significantly enhanced the expression of PTEN to promote cancer cell apoptosis. 26511107
Ki67 RNA-Protein regulation Lower GAS5 levels appeared in the patients with a high Ki67 proliferation index before surgery 26662314
vimentin RNA-Protein regulation GAS5 negatively regulates vimentin expression in vitro and in vivo. Notably, vimentin knockdown promoted GAS5‑pcDNA3.1‑inhibition of hepatoma cell proliferation. 26707238
MMP2 RNA-Protein regulation Overexpressing lncRNA GAS5 inhibited the migration and invasion ability of melanoma SK-Mel‑110 cells, partially by decreasing the MMP2 expression and its activity. 26846479
phosphatase and tensin homologs (PTEN) RNA-Protein regulation GAS5 suppresses cancer proliferation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-21, leading to the de-repression of phosphatase and tensin homologs (PTEN), the endogenous target of miR-21. 27034004
miR-21 RNA-RNA binding GAS5 suppresses cancer proliferation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-21, leading to the de-repression of phosphatase and tensin homologs (PTEN), the endogenous target of miR-21. 27034004